Sains Malaysiana 53(1)(2024): 99-110

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-08

In-vitro Inhibitory Activities of Potential Probiotic Isolated from Pangasius nasutus against Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae

(Aktiviti Perencatan In-vitro Probiotik Berpotensi Diasingkan daripada Pangasius nasutus terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila dan Streptococcus agalactiae)

SHAFIQ JOHAR¹, PUVANESWARI PUVANASUNDRAM^1,2, CLEMENT ROY DE CRUZ^1,3, CHOU MIN CHONG^1,2, MD YASIN INA-SALWANY^1,2, KENG CHIN LIM¹, NOORDIYANA MAT NOORDIN⁴ AND MURNI KARIM^1,3,*

¹Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

²Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

³Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 27 Oktober 2023/Diterima: 28 Disember 2023

Abstract

In aquaculture, using probiotics is crucial for strengthening the immune system and encouraging the growth and survival of many aquatic organisms, including the Pangasius species. This approach is particularly significant given the impact of bacterial diseases on Pangasius survival. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of probiotics isolated from Pangasius nasutus as alternatives to antibiotics for combating infections caused by Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae. Potential bacteria were isolated from the intestine and stomach of healthy P. nasutus. Seventy probiotic strains were successfully isolated and further screened using A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae as pathogens in an in vitro disc diffusion assay. Preliminary screenings indicated that five probiotic strains inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila. Stomach-derived strain S1 and intestine-derived strain L1 suppressed A. hydrophila growth with inhibition zones of 10.5±1 mm and 8.5±1 mm, respectively. Likewise, strains L2, L8, and L12 from the intestine showed inhibitory zones of 6.0±1 mm, 6.5±1 mm, and 6.0±1 mm, respectively. Of these, only L12 inhibited the growth of S. agalactiae with a clear zone of 5.0±1 mm. In the elimination of pathogenic strains, potential strains S1 and L1 did not grow on the Aeromonas isolation medium. Co-culture assays demonstrated that both potential strains significantly inhibited Aeromonas hydrophila growth at concentrations of 10⁶ and 10⁸ CFU mL^-1 over 48- and 96-hour periods, respectively. The potential bacterial strains were identified using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and were classified as follows: S1 - Lactococcus lactis, L1 - Weissella confusa, L2 - Cosenzaea myxofaciens, L8 - Lactococcus garvieae, and L12 - Plesiomonas shigelloides. Strain S1 L. lactis and strain L1 W. confusa are suggested for further evaluation and acquired additional research to fully elucidate their mechanisms and potential as probiotics.

Keywords: Antagonistic activity; in vitro screening; Pangasius species; pathogens; potential probiotics

Abstrak

Dalam akuakultur, penggunaan probiotik adalah penting untuk menguatkan sistem keimunan dan menggalakkan pertumbuhan dan kemandirian hidup pelbagai organisma akuatik, termasuk spesies Pangasius. Pendekatan ini amat penting memandangkan kesan buruk penyakit bakteria terhadap kelangsungan hidup spesies Pangasius. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keberkesanan probiotik yang dipencilkan daripada Pangasius nasutus sebagai alternatif kepada antibiotik untuk melawan jangkitan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Aeromonas hydrophila dan Streptococcus agalactiae. Bakteria berpotensi sebagai probiotik telah diasingkan daripada organ usus dan perut P. nasutus yang sihat. Tujuh puluh strain probiotik berjaya diasingkan dan seterusnya disaring dengan menggunakan A. hydrophila dan S. agalactiae sebagai patogen dalam ujian penyebaran cakera in vitro. Pemeriksaan awal menunjukkan bahawa lima strain probiotik dapat merencat pertumbuhan A. hydrophila. Strain S1 yang dipencilkan daripada perut dan strain L1 daripada usus dapat merencat pertumbuhan A. hydrophila dengan zon perencatan masing-masing sebanyak 10.5±1 mm dan 8.5±1 mm. Begitu juga, strain L2, L8 dan L12 daripada usus menunjukkan zon perencatan ke atas A. hydrophila masing-masing sebanyak 6.0±1 mm, 6.5±1 mm dan 6.0±1 mm. Manakala, hanya L12 merencat pertumbuhan S. agalactiae dengan zon yang jelas 5.0±1 mm. Dalam pengasingan strain patogen, S1 dan L1 tidak hidup di atas medium pengasingan Aeromonas. Ujian kultur bersama menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua SI dan LI dengan ketara merencat pertumbuhan A. hydrophila pada kepekatan 10⁶ dan 10⁸ CFU mL^-1 dalam tempoh 48 dan 96 jam. Semua strain bakteria dikenal pasti menggunakan penjujukan gen 16s rRNA dan dikelaskan seperti berikut: S1 - Lactococcus lactis, L1 - Weissella confusa, L2 - Cosenzaea myxofaciens, L8 - Lactococcus garvieae dan L12 - Plesiomonas shigelloides. Strain SI L. lactis dan L1 W. confusa dicadangkan untuk penilaian lanjut dan memerlukan penyelidikan tambahan untuk menjelaskan sepenuhnya mekanisme dan potensi sebagai probiotik.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti antagonis; kajian in vitro; patogen; probiotik berpotensi; spesies Pangasius

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: murnimarlina@upm.edu.my